A Comprehensive Financial Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

A Comprehensive Financial AnalysisOfTOYS R USTABLE OF CONTENTSCompany Overview ....................................................... 4 linchpin Facts........................................................................ 4Business Description.................................................... 5History ............................................................................ 6Key Employees .............................................................. 7Major Products And Services..................................... 12Products And Services Analysis................................ 13SWOT Analysis ............................................................ 14 slip by Competitors .......................................................... 18Company View ............................................................. 19Locations and Subsidiaries........................................ 24HISTORYToys "R" Us was established in 1948 as a baby furniture break in in Washington DC , byCharles Lazarus at the young age of 25 . Mr. Lazarus began a business totally dedicated to kids and their needs just in cadence for the post-war baby boom era. The store started off by selling baby take ons first, and then toys for older children, as it responded to customer demand. In 1957, Lazarus opened the first toy supermarket, which combined specialty retailing and off-price positioning. In May 1999, the company formed a new division, Toysrus.com. The following year, Toysrus.com teamed up with Amazon.com to form a co-branded online toy store. abridgment OF TOY R US MAJOR INDUSTRYToys "R" Us specializes in the provision of toys, apparel and baby needs to childrenand their families. The Toys "R" Us family, which includes Toys "R" Us, Babies "R" Us,Imaginarium and Toysrus.com. It has operations in 25 countries, mainly the US,Japan, Canada, and Europe, and sells toys, games, bicycles, sporting goods, VHSvideo tapes, electronic and video games , small pools, books, infant and juvenilefurniture and similar items and electronics, as well as educational and entertainmentcomputer software for children. DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCT AND SERVICE LINEToys R Us, Inc is engaged in the operation of retail stores consisting of U.S. locations comprised of toy stores under the name Toys R Us, childrens clothing store... ...     1.8233Z-SCORE ABOVE 2.99--YOURE IN GOOD SHAPEZ-SCORE BETWEEN 2.99 and 1.81--WARNING SIGNSZ-SCORE BELOW 1.81--BIG TROUBLE--COULD BE HEADING TOWARD BANKRUPTCY mop up AND RECOMMENDATIONSThe liquidity ratios show an increase in the current and acid-test (quick) ratios during the last three years. This coincides with an increasing/stockpiling of inventory and an increase in short-term debt which is detrimental to Toys R Us immediate debt paying ability. The Debt to Equity ratio is within the intentness average which is welcome news to long-term creditor but unwelcome to common stockholders because the y get ahead from assets provided by creditors. The asset utilization ratios (Account receivable, Inventory turnover, Total asset turnover, etc) are all increasing which is a positive. However, the companys turnover ratios are more than slower than the industry average which indicates too many obsolete goods on hand and/or overstocked inventory. The Gross margin ratio is much lower than the industry average which indicates managements inability to control productions costs and a lower measure of profitability. The debt utilization ratios

Women in Ancient Civilizations Essays -- essays research papers

The role of women in different civilizations, rase though on different spectrums of the world, had mevery similarities and yet a few differences. Women in these four civilizations Greece, Egypt, China, and India faced many of the same hardships, struggles, and prejudices. Some of this treatment of women didnt even end until present day (1920s). In some of these civilizations women were able to rise up somewhat in their communities but it didnt come without some kind of interference.When it came to the rights of these women, they re exclusivelyy didnt have any at all. In Greece women were considered to be second class citizens at best. All women were forbidden to own property, inherit their own name, vote, or attend political debate. manpower viewed them as nonhing of real importance. To them they were irrational, fearful, and only to be used for their physical desires. They were considered to be the ward of a man (Sacks 263). Women in Egypt were treated fairly intimately compar ed to the others. They shared the same legal and economic rights as men they were capable of owning land, slaves, and could acquire possessions for themselves in many ways. Elite women did have more rights and opportunities than the nonelite but they were twain very fortunate. Regardless of class though, all women had only a few main concerns and expectations. They were all expected to get married and raise a family, keep up the management of the household, and bearing and rearing children (Harrison 510).The rights of women in China and India were similar as well. In India the rights of women have barley changed since ancient times. Women in this country are not allowed to own property, show their faces in public, and are the complete property of a man (www.geocities.com/hinduism/hindu_women.html). The women of china were also inferior to men. For around two thousand days they lived under the rules and laws set by Confucius. The Confucius doctrine said that women werent equal to men because they were unworthy and incapable of an education. These women were the property of men from birth till stopping point (Andrea and Overfield 82-90).Their rights were not only limited to their families though in some cases there were actual laws passed that limited the rights of women. In ancient times The Code of Hammurabi for example had several(prenominal) laws that restricted women when it had to do with marriage and what a hus... ...ng their own property, they were encouraged to join athletics such as gymnastics, and some rose to be estate managers. They were even capable of participating in religion and could leave the house during holy days. During the Hellenistic age the treatment of women started to lighten up. Many started to realize that they have a greater value including their intelligence (Sacks 264). Chinese women didnt start to rise up until the 20th century when communism began. Communists believed that women were equal to men they felt that it would as sistance the population of china to thrive (Dillion 346). The women of Egypt were treated well and did have a say in many of the things that involved them so they didnt rise up too much more. Unfortunately for the women in India they have never truly risen up. They are still victims of being very subservient to men.In conclusion, women in all of these cultures have faced many hard times. Either from their community, husbands, fathers, or any man they were put down and restricted but though it all many women found a way to rise up through it all. There is still a long way for women of other culture to go but times are changing and anything is possible.

The Tatler and the Spectator :: Tatler and the Spectator Essays

During the early part of the 1700s Joseph Addison, the Tatler and Sir Richard Steele, the watcher, came together to write The Tatler and the Spectator. Through their hardships of life they came about understanding what others were feeling and the actions that they took. They documented five hundred and fifty-five essays that were depicted from the world around them. They used the feeling of love to show about human nature and what it did to achieve its goals. Through stories, such as Jilts and their Victims, Country Festival, For Whom the Bell Tolls, Knowledge and Time, and Reasons Addison and Steele show what they know about life and the power they had publishing it. The two men met at a young age at the Charter House School in England where from their they became the best of friends. Through their hardships they ended up going separate charges. Addison went into politics where he became a popular figure in society.(World Book Addison) Steele went to the military where he later got knighted. In 1710 they were united when Steele asked Addison to join him in writing in the Spectator.(World Book Steele) Addison gladly excepted and the two men would go out and view the world around them. The two men would write about any occasion, provided whenever they wrote they were really in depth of their feelings and thoughts. Their was one topic in particular that fashioned their publications and that was the topic of love. Love was portrayed as being skilful and bad throughout the writings. Love was used repetitively due to it is a constant in every bodies life and they could easily relate to the characters. Allowing others to relate to their writings helped make them popular. Addison and Steele gave love a good and bad side to show the readers that love is not cracked up to what it really can be. It was good in the way that it showed people having a good time together and enjoying the presence of another. It also demonstrated those relationships that everyo ne dreads getting into. Love is bad in a way that in a way that it could be used as a possession, or a gold-digger. Steele himself was a god-digger and in his two marriages he had never dealt with the professedly meaning of love.

Free Native Son Essays: Bigger :: Native Son Essays

Native Son bigger In his most famous novel, Native Sun, Richard Wright successfully develops ternion major(ip) themes Racism, violence as a personal necessity, and social in thoice. He has captured the powerful emotions and suffering, the frustrations and yearnings, the restlessness and hysteria, of all the larger Thomass in this grippingly dramatic novel. Wright shows to us, through Bigger Thomas, how inquisitive things were for the black race. He tells how Bigger was raised in a oneroom apartment, living with his family and rats. The rent was very high, and his mother was barely open to be it. Biggers education like most blacks at that time , did not exceed the eighth grade. Without the help of the Relief Agency, Bigger and his family may not bind been able to keep up much longer financially. Bigger had no money, except for the spare c touche his mother gives him, so he would usually just hang out at the pool hall, which was in the black district, or southside. Bigger used to coerce little jobs with his friends, but all of them including Bigger valued to pull off a big job, by robbing Blums store. They were afraid though, of getting caught for robbing a white-hot man. They know the police dont care about blacks, and would probably imply them of umteen more crimes. Luckily for Bigger, though, the Relief Agency did find him a job with the Daltons. When Bigger went to the Daltons house for the first time, he brought his gun, because it made him shade rival to the white people. When Bigger got to the Daltons house, he didnt know whether to enter the house by the front or back door. He looks for a fashion to the back, and realizes the only way in is through the front door. As he rang the doorbell, he felt very disturbed. And when he started talking to Mr. Dalton, Mr. Dalton asks Bigger about his past crimes, which made Bigger feel pressured. Then Mary Dalton walked in and asked Bigger if he was in a union, if he knew about communism, and th en still more questions, until her father finally asked her to countenance the room. Bigger was afraid that this little brat was going to get him to lose his job. Then he met Peggy, a maid, Who asks Bigger all these questions, like he could substantiate what Free Native Son Essays Bigger Native Son Essays Native Son Bigger In his most famous novel, Native Sun, Richard Wright successfully develops three major themes Racism, violence as a personal necessity, and social injustice. He has captured the powerful emotions and suffering, the frustrations and yearnings, the restlessness and hysteria, of all the Bigger Thomass in this grippingly dramatic novel. Wright shows to us, through Bigger Thomas, how bad things were for the black race. He tells how Bigger was raised in a oneroom apartment, living with his family and rats. The rent was very high, and his mother was barely able to pay it. Biggers education like most blacks at that time , did not exceed the eighth grade. Without the help of the Relief Agency, Bigger and his family may not have been able to keep up much longer financially. Bigger had no money, except for the spare change his mother gives him, so he would usually just hang out at the pool hall, which was in the black district, or southside. Bigger used to pull little jobs with his friends, but all of them including Bigger wanted to pull off a big job, by robbing Blums store. They were afraid though, of getting caught for robbing a white man. They know the police dont care about blacks, and would probably accuse them of many more crimes. Luckily for Bigger, though, the Relief Agency did find him a job with the Daltons. When Bigger went to the Daltons house for the first time, he brought his gun, because it made him feel equal to the white people. When Bigger got to the Daltons house, he didnt know whether to enter the house by the front or back door. He looks for a way to the back, and realizes the only way in is through the front door. A s he rang the doorbell, he felt very disturbed. And when he started talking to Mr. Dalton, Mr. Dalton asks Bigger about his past crimes, which made Bigger feel pressured. Then Mary Dalton walked in and asked Bigger if he was in a union, if he knew about communism, and then still more questions, until her father finally asked her to leave the room. Bigger was afraid that this little brat was going to get him to lose his job. Then he met Peggy, a maid, Who asks Bigger all these questions, like he could understand what

Nuclear Physics Essay -- physics nuclear

The Nucleus of an atom consists of protons, and neutrons. A proton has a charge of positive one while a neutron has no electric charge at all and both have a mass of one atomic mass unit. These two particles are cognise as nucleons. On the outside of the nucleus electrons can be free-base. These electrons have a charge of negative one and a mass that is negligible because of how pocketable it is compared to the nucleons. The disco precise of the electron showed that the atom might have an internal structure. It was originally thought to be a conglomerate or plum pudding as it was called. But it was soon detect using the gold foil experiment. Some of the particles were scattered backwards. Because of these results, it was theorized that the nucleus was like an electron moon orbiting a neutron and proton planet. Using this model, it is easier to say how the different reactions occur. Radio activity was discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel while he was working with c ompounds that contained uranium. Photographic plates that were used to keep out light because part exposed when they were brought near any of the compounds that were part uranium. He speculated that the exposure was caused by some form of ray passing through the plates. He also found the some materials other than uranium contained these rays. These materials are said to be radio active. There are three kinds of radiation known as alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. These were discovered by Enrest Rutherford in 1899. important particles are the nucleus of the He atom, beta particles are high speed electrons and gamma rays are high energy photons. Alpha decay is the emission of an He nucleus. Because the alpha particles contai... ...o when the atoms are released they cannot help but mash into each other. This is where all of the extra energy comes from which causes the explosion.Hydrogen BombsThe hydrogen bombard is much more than powerful than the atomic bomb. Th e actual trigger for the bomb is not TNT but instead an actual atomic bomb. The H-Bomb is make up of two different kinds of isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium. Smaller atomic bombs trigger the finale explosion for the Hydrogen bomb. Like the TNT, they compress the two isotopes into a very dense mass which initiates fusion, producing great amounts of energy. The actual bomb casing is made out of uranium. When the inside of the bomb detonates its causes the casing to undergo fission which causes even more energy to be released. The fusion reactions produces a fission reaction which totals up to a huge amount of energy.

Nuclear Physics Essay -- physics nuclear

The Nucleus of an atom consists of protons, and neutrons. A proton has a charge of positive one while a neutron has no electric charge at all in all and both occupy a mass of one atomic mass unit. These two particles are known as nucleons. On the outside of the nucleus electrons rear be found. These electrons have a charge of negative one and a mass that is negligible because of how small it is compared to the nucleons. The discovery of the electron showed that the atom might have an internal structure. It was originally thought to be a conglomerate or plum pudding as it was called. But it was soon discovered using the bullion foil experiment. Some of the particles were scattered backwards. Because of these results, it was theorized that the nucleus was like an electron moon orbiting a neutron and proton planet. Using this model, it is easier to understand how the different reactions occur. Radio activity was discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel while he was work ing with compounds that contained uranium. Photographic plates that were used to keep out light because partially exposed when they were brought near any of the compounds that were part uranium. He speculated that the exposure was caused by some form of ray passing through the plates. He also found the some materials other than uranium contained these rays. These materials are utter to be radio active. There are three kinds of radiation known as alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. These were discovered by Enrest Rutherford in 1899. Alpha particles are the nucleus of the He atom, beta particles are high speed electrons and gamma rays are high energy photons. Alpha decay is the emission of an He nucleus. Because the alpha particles contai... ...o when the atoms are released they cannot help but mash into each other. This is where all of the extra energy comes from which causes the explosion.Hydrogen BombsThe hydrogen dud is much more powerful than the atomic bomb. T he factual trigger for the bomb is not TNT but instead an actual atomic bomb. The H-Bomb is made up of two different kinds of isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium. little atomic bombs trigger the finale explosion for the Hydrogen bomb. Like the TNT, they compress the two isotopes into a very dense mass which initiates fusion, producing great amounts of energy. The actual bomb casing is made out of uranium. When the inside of the bomb detonates its causes the casing to undergo fission which causes even more energy to be released. The fusion reactions produces a fission reaction which totals up to a huge amount of energy.

McDonalds Cross-Cultural Analysis Essay

IntroductionThe Internet has made the world a smaller place, specially when it comes to online worry its now just as easy for a confederation to attract customers in Nairobi as it is in Nevada. This technological globalisation doesnt translate to ethnic homogeneity, thoughwhile you aptitude be suitable to find a McDonalds in n primeval e really city on earth now, that doesnt mean that every city eats and thinks and shops in the identical way. Every national and cultural group in the world retains its gasconade language, its avow metaphors, its own identity, and thus, its own way of shopping. At rough the same pace as the popularity of the Internet increased, visions flourished of the World Wide Web as a tool for bringing the world together. The marketing world in particular quickly embraced the Internet as an ideal medium for reaching beyond municipal markets in collection to disseminate increases to foreign markets. By understanding how chat styles may be reflected on web land sites, we come a step further towards identifying, and after realizing the potentials of, the interactive nature of the Internet.This would be rewarding non only from the marketing perspective, further in any case for those giving medications that atomic number 18 harbouring on bringing the world nestled together finished dialogue. Intercultural communication competence, as Chen and Starosta 1 note, is imperative for human progress, and it is by studying communicationstyles and understanding how to drill them that we may be able to communicate more than havely, and promote dialogue mingled with us and them. The interactive and global nature of the Internet has fostered many visions of mutual understanding among burnishs, although the means for achieving this argon lock at a very early, exploratory correspond.A number of studies on the relationship between website goal and cultural proportions have been conducted. Studies like Marcus and Gould 2 and S heridan 3 analyze both commercial and non-commercial websites in an effort to identify relationships between Hofstedes cultural dimensions and visual presentation on the. In this work also were employ Hofsteds researches4, 5, mainly his typology of finiss that is the most widely accepted and frequently cited theories. Also Halls description of some cultural dimensions was exercised 1, 7, 8, 9, 10. Kluckhohns and Strodtbecks Variations in value orientations11, Gudykunsts 12 and Lewiss 13 researches devoted to cultural specifics of several(predicate) countries argon menti mavinnessd in this study. In this work we will try to analyze the speciality of communication between company and customers on current websites of McDonalds in the next five countries Ukraine, Russia, Germany, America and Canada and brand name some recommendations how to improve them according to their cultural specifics.1 Theoretical Issues and Ideas1.1 Website as Method of communicating between Company and I ts CustomersThe Internet becomes more and more popular all over the world. People use it for communication, business or just to prospect for the information they need. The Internet is a truly global thing. Growing importance of Internet is making communication through websites between companies and customers more and more signifi bumt. The Internet environment is not only a simple tool to promote a business, but it also offers opportunities to come forth information it is an efficient platform to communicate with the clients. Its great opportunity for companies to get feedback from their customers attract them and improve the vision of the company. Signifi give the bouncet result of effective communication is improved branding. If the contentedness or purpose of the company is communicated effectively to visitors, it will leave an impression on themthat will abet form their image of the company. stigmatization is important online and off, and the messages being sent argon a maj or factor. Website is cost effective, paper free communication. Using website, company laughingstock reach the wider audience and its open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, so it screw distribute information internally within the organization, as well as to sh ar information with business partners, clients and suppliers. New customers will be able to locate company and companys information and will always cope whither to contact the company. 14Company can inform customers about changes, sales, bonus campaigns, etc. gain valuable market research, to build trust and finally reduce depression and mailing costs. A professional-looking site can help company to be taken seriously and build credibility and trust. Many consumers search for information online before purchasing at a physical store companys site can make a good premiere impression on a potential customer. At the same time customers can express their attitude towards company, their wishes and judgments about different campai gns or products proposed by the company. Developing a web-site makes it attainable a very good communication with the clients and this leads, finally, to a constant adaptation of the companys offer to the continuously changing customers requests. The most efficient web-site is the one that is integrated into companys informatics organization. By creating its own website, a company gets the calamity to influence in a positive way, the phylogeny of its activity. This way, the company becomes more efficient, with a more flexible internal functionality, more c beful with the customers needs and expectations.151.2 McDonalds CorporationMcDonalds Corporation is the worlds largest kitchen range of hamburger fast sustenance restaurants, serving around 64 million customers daily in 119 countries, and at that place is the same number of websites nowadays. Currently 1.7 million lot work for Brand McDonalds. Headquartered in the United States, the company began in 1940 as a barbecue rest aurant operated by the eponymous Richard and Maurice McDonald in 1948 they reorganized their business as a hamburger stand using production line principles. Businessman Ray Kroc joined the company as a franchise federal agent in 1955. He subsequently purchased the chainfrom the McDonald brothers and oversaw its worldwide growth. A McDonalds restaurant is operated by either a franchi foresee, an affiliate, or the corporation itself. The corporations revenues come from the rent, royalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants. McDonalds primarily sells hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, shakes and desserts. In resolution to changing consumer tastes, the company has expanded its menu to include salads, wraps, smoothies and fruit.McDonalds has a charity organization Ronald McDonald reside Charities which functions in 52 countries. Ronald McDonald House Charities (RMHC) is an self-reliant organi zation whose mission is to create, find and support programs that directly improve the health and well being of children crossways the world. Programs ar grass-roots driven to enable the Charity to offer help where children need it mostright in their own communities. RMHC has three core programs the Ronald McDonald House, Ronald McDonald Family Room and Ronald McDonald Cargon Mobile. McDonalds started its global diversity journey by creating the spheric Womens Initiative in 2009. This initiative is active in all of McDonalds operating aras of the world and is sponsored globally by Don Thompson, McDonalds COO. In each part of the world, this initiative supports the recruitment, development, and advancement of women at all aims of the company while creating a culture where women have the opportunity to succeed and grow. In 2011, the accelerator pedal organization recognized the Global Womens Initiative as an innovative and systemic means through which women can thrive in the McD onalds system and awarded the company the prestigious Catalyst Award. As a result of the global concentration, womens business networks have been formed and have quickly grown. McDonalds has for decades maintained an extensive advertising campaign.In addition to the usual media (television, radio, and newspaper), the company makes significant use of billboards and signage, sponsors sporting events ranging from Little League to the Olympic Games, and makes coolers of orange drink with its logotype available for local events of all kinds. Nonetheless, television has always played a central role in the companys advertising strategy. Im lovin it is an international branding campaign by McDonalds Corporation. It was created by Heye & Partner, a longtime McDonalds agency based in Unterhaching, Germany. It was the companys first global advertising campaign and was launched inMunich, Germany on September 2, 2003, under the German title ich liebe es. The English part of the campaign was la unched in Australia on September 21, 2003, the UK on September 17, 2003, and in the USA on September 29, 2003 with the music of Tom Batoy and Franco Tortora and vocals by Justin Timberlake, in which the slogan appears. In 2007, after a public casting call which received 15,000 submissions, McDonalds selected 24 flock to appear as part of the campaign. Images of those chosen, who had submitted a story and digital photograph which captured themes of inspiration, offense and fun, appeared on McDonalds paper bags and cups worldwide 16.1.3 Analysiss CriteriaIn this study is used the collectivism versus laissez faire dimension, which was proposed by Geert Hofstede. Individualism is the one placement versus its opposite, collectivism, that is the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups. On the individualist side we find societies in which the ties between individuals are loose everyone is expected to look after him/herself and his/her adjacent family. On the collectivi st side, we find societies in which raft from birth onwards are integrated into strong, cohesive in-groups, often extended families (with uncles, aunts and grandparents) which continue protecting them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. determine in collectivistic cultures include training, physical condition and the use of skills whereas in individualistic cultures values are personal time, emancipation and challenge. Another of Hofstedes dimensions is provide distance. This dimension expresses the degree to which the less index numberful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. The fundamental issue here is how a society handles inequalities among people. People in societies exhibiting a large degree of power distance accept a hierarchical order in which everybody has a place and which needs no further justification. In societies with wretched power distance, people strive to equalize the distribution of power and demand justification fo r inequalities of power 17.In F. Trompenaars interpretation there are the next cultural factors equality and hierarchy. Equality corresponds with dispirited power distance and hierarchy with high power distance. Equality is about all people having equal status. It assumes we all have equal rights,irrespective of birth or other gift. Hierarchy is about people being superior to others. It assumes that order happens when few are in charges and others obey through the scalar chain of command 18. unrivalled more dimension is hesitancy avoidance. According to G. Hofstede un evidence avoidance deals with a societys tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity it ultimately refers to mans search for the true. It indicates to what extent a culture programs its members to feel either uncomfortable or comfortable in unstructured situations. Unstructured situations are novel, unknown, surprising, and different from usual. Uncertainty avoiding cultures try to minimize the possibility of such situ ations by strict laws and rules, safety and security measures, and on the philosophical and religious level by a belief in absolute Truth there can only be one Truth and we have it . The next criterion used in analysis is high and low condition of culture, which was found by E. Hall. Hall observed that meaning and place setting are inextricably bound up with each other 19, and suggested that to understand communication one should look at meaning and con text edition together with the code (i.e., the words themselves).By context, we refer to the situation, background, or environment connected to an event, a situation, or an individual. When communication is high-context, it is not only the non-verbal and para-verbal communication that comes into play. High-context communication draws on physical aspects as well as the time and situation in which the communication takes place, not to take down the relationship between the interlocutors. The closer the relationship, the more high-co ntext the communication tends to be, drawing on the shared knowledge of the communicating parties. Gudykunst identified high-context communication to be indirect, ambiguous, maintaining of harmony, reserved and under say. In contrast, low-context communication was identified as direct, precise, dramatic, open, and based on feelings or true intentions. The next Halls cultural factor used is time. There are two types of time monochronic time and polychronic time. Monochronic, as he called it M-Time, means doing one thing at a time. It assumes careful planning and scheduling and is a familiar Western approach that appears in disciplines such as time management. Monochronic people tend also to be low context. In Polychronic cultures, human interaction is valued over time and material things, leading to a lesser concern for getting things through with(p) they do get done, but morein their own time.Aboriginal and Native Americans have typical polychronic cultures, where talking stick m eetings can go on for as long as somebody has something to say. Polychronic people tend also to be high context. According to Richard Lewis we can divide all cultures in three groups monoactive, polactive and antiphonal. Monoactive cultures it is cultures, where activity complies with clear planning and organized in definite orded, they do not approve distractions to other tasks and percept the time linearly. Polyactive cultures are people- point, talkative and communicative, can make several actions at ones. In reactive cultures activity depends on changing situation and appears to be a reaction on these changes. Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck did some germinal work in drawing up a conceptual map which tried to include the comp permite range of values which it is possible for human beings to hold in relation to five key issues about which all human beings hold opinions.OrientationPostulated range of variationsHuman natureevilneutralmix of good and evilgoodchangeable abidingchangeableun changeablechangeableunchangeableMan-naturesubjugation to natureharmony with naturemastery over natureTimepastpresent approachingActivitybeingbeing in becomingdoingRelationallinealitycollateralityindividualism2 Communicative Effectiveness of the Company Website in Various Countries2.1 McDonalds settle for Ukrainian CustomersUkrainian culture is more likely to be high-context than low context. By Hall high-context communication involves more of the information in the physical context or internalized in the person, that is why this cultures usually use more imagery and less text, people are expected to read between the lines and greater confidence is placed in the non-verbal aspects of communication. These features are notably represented on the Ukrainian website one can view the process of preparing food in stage by stage pictures with minimum accompanying text. One more example is a list of suppliers shown as a table of logotypes of these companies. Also the main foliate contains i llustrations of dishes moving through the screen links to other pages are given as small pictures connected with their limit, for example if you want to go to the page where you can find more about quality of milk you should click the picture of a cow. So this site communicates by means of links and information stated in a limited add of text with illustrations. This gives not very transparent overview of the content in the website and often requires that the user finds out the information placing the cursor over the link to reveal more content before finally clicking this link.The term transparency is borrowed from the usability field. Basing on the Variations in Value Orientations Ukrainians perceive an individual as a mixture of bad and good features. According to TerriMorrison the level of trust is rather low the Ukrainians are suspicious of other people and along with it they are likely to rely on objective factual information , based on their own experience 20. There are a l arge amount of information devoted to the quality of milk and each component of food such as its composition and great diversity of food quality certificates. One more interesting feature is presence of variety of graphs which reflect the results of polls after Doors Open Day (DOD). But people in our country do not believe this information, they think it can be falsified and that the company deceives them just to gain profit. This part of content doesnt work effectively. By Marcus & Gould strong focal point on expertise, authority, certifications, official stamps or tidings can be explained by high power distance. In addition the site contains a special parting which describes you how to apply for participation in DOD and provides you with a video of the previous excursions. These features may appeal to relatively high level of uncertainty avoidance in Ukraine.2.2 McDonalds Site for Russian CustomersRussia is collectivistic culture its one of dimensions found be Geert Hofstede, which is characterized by tight social frameworks in which people tag between groups. The site promotes collectivistic values it is reflected in the imagery of the website, such as images of the groups of people who involved in various activities like dancing, singing, coffee drunkenness and doing some sports. Values in collectivistic cultures include training and physical condition. Russian website includes special section called be active, which offers different physical exercises for boys and girls and contains sets of photographs of competitions navigated in various cities. Russian culture is relatively high-context which according to E. Hall means that the most of the information is already in the person, while very little is in the plain, transmitted part of the message. Using this feature towards website a lot of animations and pictures are expected, and we can find a lot of them on the Russian site. Animation effectuate are represented almost on each page and a lot of p hotos and bright, eye catching images are also placed. The power distance dimension offered by G. Hofstede is apparent in hierarchical structure of the website.According to Marcusand Gould high power distance is reflected in tall hierarchical website structures, either through the implementation of many pages with unstructured layout, or the opening of new browser windows for new pages, instead of the same browser window. This description completely depicts the structure of Russian site there are many sidebars and menus, new browser window opens for each new page. The homepage features a large collection of links, and describes clearly what lays behind them though the use of headings, subheadings and illustrations. This makes it possible for the visitor to find what he or she interested in immediately, navigation schemes intended to prevent users from becoming lost. These features may appeal to two different parameters high uncertainty avoidance proposed by G. Hofstede to explain a societys tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity and by Lewis R.D. polyactivity impatience and willingness to act quickly.2.3 McDonalds Site for German CustomersGerman culture is more likely to be individualistic culture than collectivistic one, according to Geert Hofstede it means that individuals expected to be independent of others and look after themselves. We can see that pictures on the site promote individualistic values like personal time and freedom individuals shown alone, enjoying themselves and usually products are placed with them. Individualistic culture is inclined to make a direct connection between the individual and the product. We can explain this effect by referring to Marcus and Gould, who suggested that the individualism and collectivism may influence the importance given to individuals versus products shown by themselves or in groups and that in individualism images demonstrated through materialism and consumerism. German is very low-context culture and as it explained by E. Hall more explanation is needed and very little is taken for granted in this cultures.As we can see the German website is full of text information and large amount of wordage is used on each page, whilst only two pages have animated effects and on some pages the imagery is very poor. German website can be described as a very transparent site, which may also appeal to the low context of this culture so it provides a detailed overview of the rest of the site on the homepage and each subheading has a small picturecorresponding with the content of relevant page. It can also be explained by high uncertainty avoidance there are attempts to reveal or forecast the results of implications of actions before users act. gliding through the site is linear and new pages constantly open in the same browser window this appeals to monoactivity of German culture, which by R. Lewis means that it can make only one action during definite time. In German time is monochronic and spe cial attention devoted to the speed of actions website with the structure mentioned above is not goal-oriented and users are expected to be willing to explore the site and seek for information. Social roles are not used to organize the information it means that all sections are obvious to all users and not sealed off from them prominence given to customers and employees these features may appeal to the relatively low power distance.2.4 McDonalds Site for American CustomersIn contrast to Ukrainian American is low-context culture. M. Hall described low-context cultures as those in which the mass of information is vested in the explicit code that is why these cultures are identified, direct, precise, dramatic, open, and basing on feelings or true intentions, people dont communicate with gestures, the meaning depends on content and the spoken word, what means a verbal communication. These features are represented on the American website one can read a lot of information about different kinds of hamburgers, which is presented with text and with fewer occurrences of animations. Website is kept as practical as possible and has direct sources of information, for example additional information about components contained in food is placed below the page as boxes in which you can see the process of growth of this components and an information about it, and when you click this box a new page opens and the information appear as text without illustrations.One more example is that only the main page consists of heavy images, pop-up effects, moving elements which accompanied by scaring music this is one more proof of the low-context of American culture. On the American website there is a promotion tab, when you click on it a new page opens as a game, this is a fast message for people. By Halls fast message are adept at creating quickcontacts, but may also be perceived as superficial. Based on the work of Kaplan 21 and Chen and Starosta, Choe 22 low-context culture tend to em phasize logic and rationality, based on the belief that there is always an objective truth that can be reached through linear processes of discovery. Choe said thought patterns refer to forms of reasoning and approaches to problem solution and can differ from culture to culture. American website implies linear navigation throughout the site, with a consistent layout throughout the pages of the site. The website performs the explorative function.2.5 McDonalds Site for Canadian CustomersCanada is low-context culture. According to M. Hall cultural dimensions, in low-context cultures very little are taken for granted. Whilst this means that more explanation is needed, it also means there is less chance of misunderstanding particularly when visitors are present. Many overt and explicit messages that is simple and clear, outer locus of control and blame of others for failure visible, external, outward reaction flexible and open grouping patterns, changing as needed finespun bonds between people with little sense of loyalty low commitment to relationship (task more important than relationships) time is highly organized product is more important than process. These features are represented on the Canadian website all pages are rich of text, especially a category Food Quality. Based on the work of Geert Hofstede low-context culture is more likely to be individualistic one, where emphasis is put on the goals and accomplishments of the individual rather than the group. Individuals are expected to be independent of others and look after themselves. When accomplishing goals, consideration of others is limited to include only oneself and ones immediate family.Personal values include personal time, freedom, and challenge. For example on the Canadian website there are some information that is family oriented. There is a section called Community in which one can find a subsection called Ronald McDonald House Charities which provide families of sick children a home-away-from-h ome or a place of peace and calm within a hospital. By Hall, perception of time is one more peculiarity of culture. Canada belongs to monochromic culture, where time is viewed as animportant, almost tangible phenomenon. People of such cultures are oriented towards planning and scheduling, so as to perform efficiency. As an example on the Canadian website there is a category Restaurant Location, where you can put your address and site will show you the nearest restaurant.3 Recommendations for Improvement of McDonalds Websites3.1 Cultural awareness in Web DesignNowadays a website is not just a collection of text it is a conglomerate of images, multimedia, interactive features, animated graphics, and sounds. Cross-cultural web design nowadays requires dealing with design issues that include culture-specific color connotations, preferences in layout, animation, sounds, and other effects that are characteristic of todays generation of websites. Formatting and navigation of the website al so help attracting users attention and interest them in using the website. In order to do this successfully, the target group of the website must be studied. Research into how your target markets culture affects their consumer behavior should be done. Conducting an ethnographic investigation visiting the country, aftermath how they shop and what they like, studying products which have been successful in the market and seeing how these strategies can be adopted is an important step for creating a multicultural website. food market research can be done by surveying potential customers from the target market and interviewing cultural experts.While user participation is ideal in the designing process, a study of the design elements prevalent in the culture may also provide the web designer with some useful guidelines. Values and behavior indoctrinated through cultural influences may be reflected in design practices. Every national and cultural group in the world retains its own lang uage, its own metaphors, its own identity, and thus, its own way of shopping Keeping abreast of cultural and current affairs in each of the target markets is one of the key factors, as a change in circumstances may necessitate changes to the site. Research has shown that certain colors have distinct connotations in different cultures.The implications should therefore be considered when choosing the palette for the website. Similarly to the impact of color, the beguileness of the images across various cultures should be considered. Other symbols andimages just may not be culturally relevant in other areas of the world. Studies carried out into the impact of new technologies show that users show resistance to products with Western metaphors in favour of products localized according to their cultural customs and idioms. Choosing appropriate images for the site accordingly or being prepared to use different images in separate versions of the website can be useful while creating an effe ctive one.233.2 potential difference Improvements for the McDonalds Websites of Particular CountriesBefore giving recommendations we would like to mention that we can assume that a successful and globe-spanning company such as McDonalds has done extensive focus group testing of their website and consequently customized almost each website to appeal to its user group in each target culture, to ensure that product communication is as effective as possible. As a result it wont be easy to recommend significant changes, but still there are some cultural issues that can be improved. Ukrainian website contains a lot of imagery, but taking into account the high context of this culture, it would be better to add more animation, because the site seems to be too constant.Taking into account that Ukrainian culture is collectivistic one not only logos of McDonalds suppliers might be on the site some images which corresponds with its values like family, physical condition and training could be u sed. Importance must be given to the products shown by themselves or with groups, not to the individuals. Also stress on the Ukrainian history and traditions should feature the site to attract users attention. In Ukrainian culture we can see high power distance, so the strong focus on expertise and certification might have been effective, but its not. This culture is suspicious about people so it is better to avoid too high concentration on this information otherwise the site is unattractive and can arouse the suspicions. On the whole it can cause negative perception of the company people may think that McDonalds just trying to crime syndicate the wool over their customers eyes.One more important thing to be considered is opening of new page. On Ukrainian website new pages open in the same window but according to Marcus & Gould study for cultures with high power distance it is more convenient to use pages, which open in the new window of browser.To cope with high uncertainty avoid ance the site should be structured better more sidebars and menus can be added to simplify the navigation across the site and to prevent the user from becoming lost. It is also important because of polyactivity of Ukrainian culture people are unwilling to seek for information and to explore the site, they need to get the clear information quickly. On the Russian website more animation can be added, for example animation of moving people is really suitable for high-context culture and also some musical support on the main page is appropriate. Information should be organized according to social roles, for example there can be special section for managers or potential investors. This can be effective because of high power distance inherent to Russian culture.Also according to these feature significant emphasis should be made on the social and moral order and its symbols like national colors or traditions. To correspond with high level of uncertainty avoidance in Russia the next improve ments may be efficient addition of tiny windows which will reveal more content information when placing a cursor over a link before clicking it, in other words forecast of the results or implications of acting before users act. Russian culture is relatively feminine it means that attention to the content of the site can be attracted by usage of poetry, common idioms, visual aesthetics and appeals to unifying values. German website contains a vast animation on the main page. Its not the best choice for low-context culture like this one it can bewilder people and accrue the attractiveness of the site. Low power distance also dictates some important characteristics we can find a huge section devoted to the quality of food but for German culture its advised to weaken the focus on the expertise, logos and certificates.Taking into account that German is individualistic culture we can say that more prominence should be given to youth and action, the section devoted to the employment can b e expanded. Individualistic cultures are expected to be willing to provide personal information, so different employees can share their experience with those who want to start a job in McDonalds. Emphasis might be done on what is new, extraordinary and available only in this particular company. American website contains huge amount of animation on the main page, but for the low-context country it would be better if the site contains fewer amount of digital data, less-highly structured information, minor and infrequent emphasis on thesocial and moral order (e.g., nationalism or religion) and its symbols, weak focus on expertise, authority, experts, certifications, official stamps, or logos. As an individualistic country the site should contain more information or pictures to maximize motivation of people, some images of success demonstrated through materialism and consumerism. Also its good to use rhetorical style controversial or argumentative speech and tolerance or encouragement of extreme claim. An important thing is to give prominence to youth and action. In American culture we can see low uncertainty avoidance, so to match this fact website should simplify the complexity with maximal content and choices (do more descriptions for quicker decisions).People from country with low uncertainty avoidance accept wandering and risk, so it would be good to do some quizzes online. Canadian website, as it is also low context culture, should give more prominence to citizens, customers, or employees. There should be no restrictions or barriers to access on the site it should be transparent, integrated, implicit freedom to roam must be present. Taking into account that Canadian culture is individualistic one they should give importance for individuals, make an emphasis on truth and what is new and unique (on the Canadian site it is hard to understand which information is fresh, all articles are mixed and undated, so it is uncorrectable to find something new. On the Ca nadian website here are no graphics, sound, and animation, but for masculine country it would be good for utilitarian purposes.Also it could contain game and competitions, because an attention gained through these features. The navigation should be oriented to exploration and control. Canada is a long-term oriented country, so in fact information on the site should be focused on truth and certainty of beliefs. It could contain some rules as a source of information and credibility, because the Canadian website is made a little freely, for example, when you what to return to the previous page the site let you on the other page, which you didnt open and sometimes it hard to find what you saw before.ConclusionIn the terms of globalized ways of satisfying people needs, there is a trend of gradual replacement of the companies market-orientation with the customer-orientation. Companies customer-orientation implies a continuousand detailed process of analysis regarding the potential clients expectations, in this way, a strong connection between customers needs and the quality of offered products and services being assured. Learning the cultural differences in particular countries its easy to understand how to attract the customers and make their researching more productivity, shadowed and simple. When you understand the personal, national or organizational culture, then you can seek to align with them and hence gain greater influence. Hofstede notes that some cultural relativism is necessary it is difficult to establish absolute criteria for what is noble and what is disgusting. There is no escaping bias all people develop cultural values based on their environment and early training as children.Not everyone in a society fits the cultural pattern precisely, but there is enough statistical regularity to identify trends and tendencies. These trends and tendencies should not be treated as defective or used to create negative stereotypes but recognized as different patte rns of values and thought. In a multi-cultural world, it is necessary to cooperate to achieve practical goals without requiring everyone to think, act, and believe identically. By creating its own website, a company gets the possibility to influence in a positive way, the evolution of its activity. This way, the company becomes more efficient, with a more flexible internal functionality, more careful with the customers needs and expectations. But still, when creating a website, all features of particular countries must be considered to make clear appeal and improve the communication between company and customers.List of References1 Chen, G., & Starosta, W. (1998). Foundations of Intercultural Communication. Boston Allyn and Bacon 2 Marcus, A., & Gould, E. W. (2000). Cultural dimensions and global web user-interface design What? So What? Now What? Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Human Factors and the Web. Austin, Texas.2 3 Sheridan, E. F. (2001). Cross-cultural web site design C onsiderations for developing and strategies for validating locale appropriate on-line content. MultiLingual Computing & Technology 43,12 (7).3 4 Hofstede, G. Cultures and Organizations Software of the Mind, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1997.4 5 Hofstede, G. (1980). CulturesConsequences external Differences in Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA Sage.5 6 Hall, E.T., The Hidden Dimension, Anchor Books/ Doubleday, New York, 1990. (Reissue of 1965.)6 7 Hall, E.T. (1976). Beyond Culture, New York Doubleday78 Hall, E.T. (1983). The Dance of Life, The Other Dimension of Time, New York Doubleday8 9 Hall, E.T. (1985). Hidden Differences Studies in International Communication, Hamburg Grunder and Jahr9 10 Hall, E.T. (1990). Understanding Cultural Differences, Germans, French and Americans, Yarmouth Intercultural Press10 11 Kluckhohn, F. R., & Strodtbeck, F. L. (1961). Variations in value orientations. Evanston, Illinois Row, Peterson.11 12 Gudykunst, W. B., Matsumoto, Y., Ting-Toomey, S., Nishi da, T., Kim, K., & Heyman, S. (1996). The influence of cultural individualism-collectivism, self-construals, and individual values on communication styles across cultures. Human Communication Research, 22 (4), 510-543.12 13 Richard D. Lewis When Cultures Collide. Managing Successfully Across Cultures. NB Publishing, 2000 13 14 Feher, A. Towell, E. (1997)- Business Use of the Internet, Internet Research Electronic Networking Applications and constitution 15 Granger, M.J. Schroeder, D.L. (1996) Integrating the Internet into the business environment, Internet Research Electronic Networking Applications and Policy 16 McDonalds http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27s 1617 Hofstedes, G. official website 1718 Trompenaars, F. and Hampden-Tuner, C. 1997 Riding The Waves of Culture Understanding Diversity in Global Business. UK Wiley and Sons.18 19 Hall, E. T. (2000). Context and meaning. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication A Reader, 9th ed. (pp. 34-43). Bel mont, CA Wadsworth Publishing Co. 20 Christian Arno, 2010. Four Steps For Effective Cross-Cultural Website Design http//aext.net/2010/03/effective-cross-cultural-website-design/ 19 21 Morrison, T. and Conaway, W.A. (2006) Kiss, Bow, or Shake Hands The Bestselling Guide to Doing Business in More Than 60 Countries. Adams Publishing Group. 20 22 Kaplan, R. (1966). Cultural thought patterns in intercultural education. Language Learning, 16, 1-20.21 23 Choe, Y. (2001).Intercultural conflict patterns and intercultural training implications for Koreans. Paper presented at the 16th Biennal World Communication Association Conference, Cantabria, Spain22

Hobbies: Fruit and Idle Mind Essay

Hobbies are leisure time activities. They are gardening, reading books, stamp collecting, learning musical instrumental role such as Veena, Violin, Guitar etc., painting, photography, bee-keeping, poultry-farming, and writing stories or novels. Hobbies are for recreation and relief from routine, stereo typed and monotonous work. They help us to develop our manual skill. They kindle peerlesss imagination and make one give vent to ones latent talents. They make brisk and some of them benefit us monetarily. Everyone should surrender a hobby. W.H.Davies, the poet writes What is this life full of care, we have no time to stand and stare. Further an idle mind is a devils workshop. atomic number 53 must choose a hobby according to ones tastes. They keep one engaged. They educate and help us learn many things. or so times hobbies become ones full time profession and in a high position. Hobbies make us brisk both physically and mentally. Hobbies like stamp collection and coin collection m ake us rich also. So everyone should have a valuable hobby. My hobby is gardening. My father has constructed a house in one ground, there is half a ground place for gardening around the house. There is a well at the fend for of the house. My father advised me one day that an idle mind devils workshop and I should educate me and benefit me in future.He asked me to anticipate after the garden. After my school hours, I engage myself in gardening. I will do work such as purchasing proper seeds, sowing, weeding, ceremonial occasion the plant, pruning, and making channels for water. This hobby has taught me the features of the plant, and their habits and my teacher would give me suggestions as times about it. Now I have grown trees such as mango, neem, coconut, banana, guava, damn and pomegranate, plants like brinjal, tomato, ladies finger and flower plants like Rose, Jasmine, and Kanakambaram. I usually sell the fruits and vegetables to my neighbours. They gives me money. I save it i n small savings scheme. My father has said that it would be helpful for my higher studies. I am happy, doing it.

Non Communicable Diseases In Nepal Health And Social Care Essay

The order of magnitude of NCDs is still un cognise in Nepal. The ministry of health and Population, Government of Nepal has non yet formulated constitution sing NCDs in the absence of railyard establish determination. The scan aims to happen turn up the magnitude of the job of NCDs in Nepal, therefore directing the concerned governments and at policy degree.MethodsA cross sectional survey was performed to happen out infirmary based preponderance of NCDs, wherein 400 indoor patients of financial yr 2009 were indiscriminately selected from separately of the 31 selected wellness establishments. It included all third degree wellness establishments of the regional and sub regional infirmaries, zonary infirmaries, specialised infirmaries of cancerous neoplastic sickness and bosom diseases and medical colleges. In instance of Kathmandu Valley star underlying infirmary, one medical college and one private infirmary were indiscriminately selected. interior patients, 35 octogenari an get ons or grayer were included in the survey. Univariate analysis was carried out utilizing frequences and per centums.ConsequencesThe survey revealed that there were 36.5 % of the instances diagnosed with both of the four NCDs ( bosom diseases, COPD, diabetes and cancerous neoplastic disease ) . Breast, neck and ovarian malignant neoplastic disease ar the headman malignant neoplastic diseases at national degree accounting for 44 % of distribution. Majority of the instances were of HTN ( 47 % ) followed by CVA, CCF, IHD, RHD and MI. Females and advantaged Janajatis ( pagan group ) were found to be holding higher affinity of NCDs in their several groups.DecisionThe survey was able to produce that Nepal is besides confronting the billowing unfold of non catching diseases kindred to other(a) developing states of south East Asia. Unless comprehensive and sector broad intercession schemes are mean and implemented efficaciously, this job is traveling to upsurge to a grea ter extent.Sector wise recommendation was provided in the survey.Keywords Non-communicable diseases, Nepal, Cross-sectional surveyBackgroundNon-communicable diseases ( NCDs ) nurture to diseases or conditions that occur in, or are known to impact, mortals over an extended period of clip and for which there are no known causative agents thatare transmitted from one affected single to another. 1 The run a risk factors for many of the NCDs are associated with lifestyle related choicesenvironmental and familial factors. Tobacco usage, harmful usage of intoxicant, un healthy diets ( high in salt, sugar and fat and low in fruits and veggies ) and physical inaction are some of the established behavioural game factors of NCDs.NCDs have emerged as the major faces of morbidity andmortality worldwide. Harmonizing to World health Organization, in 2008, out of 57 million planetary deceases, 36 million or 63 % were due toNCDs, chiefly cardiovascular diseases or CVDs ( 17 million deceases, or 48 % of NCD deceases ) , malignant neoplastic diseases ( 7.6 million, or 21 % of NCD deceases ) , respiratory diseases, includingasthma and chronic clogging pneumonic disease ( COPD ) , ( 4.2 million ) and diabetes ( 1.3 million deceases ) . 2 These diseases have been the taking cause of decease in high-income countriesover the last 50 old ages, and they are emerging as a taking cause of decease in low and middleincome states. 3 About 80 % of NCD deceases occur in low-and middle-income states and NCDsare the near frequent causes of decease in most states, except in Africa. 2 Chronic diseases are largerproblem in low-income scenes, as dual load of infective every bit frank as chronic diseases are striving their wellness services. 4, 5 In entropy Asia, which has onequarter of the planetary population but where about halfthe population lives below the poorness line and haslimited entree to wellness attention, about half of the grownup load ofdisease is traceable to NCDs. 6 Harmonizing to national studies gathered by WHO s South East Asia regional office, of the totaldeaths in South Asia, the proportion attributable to NCDs ranged from about 7 % in Nepal to 40 % inthe Maldives in 1998. 7 In Sri Lanka the 1999 nose count study records diabetes prevalence as 8 % inrural countries and 12 % in urban countries 8 equivalent current rates for Nepal have been reported as 3 % and15 % severally. 9 In Nepal, prevalence of CHD in eastern part was 5.7 % in 2005. Similarly prevalence ofhypertension was 22.7 % in Dharan municipality. 10 Various surveies have shown that the prevalence ofhypertension in big population was about 20 % in urban population 11 Harmonizing to the info of Sunsari Health Survey of the year 1993, theprevalence of diabetes and high blood pressure in Sunsari District, from eastern Nepal, was about 6 % and 5.1 % severally in grownups. 12 A more recent in coifion from an urban country has shown the prevalenceof diabetes and impa ired fasting glucose as 14.2 % and 9.1 % severally. 13 At least 80 % of bosom disease, shot, and type 2 diabetes, and 40 % of malignant neoplastic disease could be avoided through healthy diet, regular physical activity, and turning away of baccy usage. 14 However, the turning planetary load ofNCDs in hapless states and hapless population has been neglected by policy shapers, majormultilateral and bilateral giver bureau and faculty members 15 .Cost effectual intercessions to cut pass chronic disease hazards exist, and have worked in manycountries. 14 Nepal is one of the poorest states in the universe at 157thposition of Human Development Index. 16 The magnitude ofNCDs is still unknown. The ministry of Health and Population ( MoHP ) , Government of Nepal hasnot yet formulated policy sing NCDs in the absence of grounds based determination. Thus it isimportant to turn to the load of NCDs through research.For this sprightliness ab initio hospital based prevalencedata generate d from the regional, sub-regional, zonary and specialised centres across the state wastargeted. This survey was expected to supply a baseline information on magnitude of the NCDs in Nepal. It aims to happen out the magnitude of the job of NCDs in Nepal, therefore directing theconcerned governments and at policy degree.MethodsIt was a cross sectional survey to practice thehospital based prevalence of 4 NCDs ( malignant neoplastic disease, bosom diseases, diabetes mellitusand COPD ) .Thirty one wellness establishments ( cardinal, regional, sub-regional, zonary infirmaries, medical colleges andspecialized centres ) were selected from the cardinal developmental parts. In Nepal, most of the instances of NCDs are treated in the third degree wellness establishments like cardinal, regional, sub-regional, zonary, specialised infirmaries and medical colleges. District degree infirmaries have fewfacilities for the diagnosing and intervention of NCD instances so they refer these instances to third levelhealth establishments. Taking these issues into history, we selected all the third degree wellness establishments to calculatethe infirmary based prevalence of NCDs. All specialised centres ( Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur Cancer Hospital and Sahid Gangalal field Heart burden ) were besides selected to place the prevalence of different types of malignant neoplastic disease and bosom diseases inNepal.In instance of Kathmandu vale, three wellness institutions- one cardinal infirmary, onemedical college and one private infirmary were indiscriminately selected for this survey utilizing lottery method.This survey was conducted over the period of eight months from December 2009 to July 2010. Indoor patients, 35 old ages or older were included in the survey. This survey included merely the indoor patientsof the selected infirmaries because infirmaries maintain elaborate instance records of indoor patients merely and theywere easy fond for the survey.Sample size was calc ulated on the footing of prevalence ( 40 % ) of NCD with12 % allowable mistake ( 95 % CI ) . The sample size calculated was 384.This embodiment was rounded so that 400 instances were indiscriminately selected from each selected wellness establishment. During this procedure, the infirmary records were reviewed to obtain the information sing the entire go for of indoor instances registered in the twelvemonth 2009. Then instances were selected utilizing computing machine generated random Numberss ( Ms-Excel 2007 ) until the needed sample size of 400 was reached. If the selected instance did non carry through the inclusion standards, so immediate sideline figure was taken as a instance. Detailss like IPD figure, age, sex, ethnicity, reference and diagnosing were so obtained.Checklist and informations digest signifiers were used for this intent.The survey was approved by the ethical brushup board of Nepal Health Research Council. Formalpermission was obtained from the concerned gover nments of the selected wellness establishments. Confidentiality was maintained.Datas obtained were coded and entered inMs-Excel 2007. The information base was so exported to SPSS ( ver. 11.5 ) for analysis.Univariate analysis was carried out utilizing frequences and per centums.ConsequencesThis survey was conducted in 31 wellness establishments ( domainal, wedge heel Regional, Zonal, medical colleges, specialised centres and cardinal infirmary ) of Nepal for the intent of placing the infirmary based prevalence of non catching diseases.The entire figure of patient admitted to these infirmaries in financial twelvemonth 2009 was 3, 47,261, out of which 11,907 instances were indiscriminately selected. The figure of instances selected from the wellness establishments ranged from 350 400.Proportion of NCDs at the National degreeWholly 11,907 instances were selected from the 31 wellness establishments including specialised Centres. Among them 36.5 % ( 4,343 ) werecases of NCDs. ( Figure 1 )Proportion of assorted NCDs at the National degreeThe proportion of bosom diseases was higher than other NCDs. Out of the sum ( 4343 ) NCD instances, bosom diseases constituted 38 % . COPD was the 2nd prima disease ( 33 % ) where as diabetes and malignant neoplastic disease was10 % and 19 % severally. ( Figure 2 )Distribution of NCDs by age groupsMajority of the patients were from 35-50 old ages followed by 51-65 old ages. Proportion of NCD instances was found to be higher in the age group & A gt 80 old ages and followed by 66-80 old ages. ( get across 1 )Distribution of assorted NCDs among age groupsProportion of CVD and malignant neoplastic disease was found to be higher in the age group 35-50 old ages. Similarly, COPD and DM were found to be higher in age group above 80 old ages and 51-65 old ages severally. ( Table 2 )Distribution of NCDs by cultural groupsEthnicity of instances was classified in seven groups harmonizing to the authorities categorization of ethnicity. ju st about of the patients were from upper caste groups followed by separate Janajati population while really few were from spiritual minorities. The proportion of comparatively advantagedJanajati suffer from NCDs was higher than other cultural groups. ( Table 3 )Distribution of assorted NCDs among cultural groupsThe proportion of comparatively advantaged Janajati was found to be persistent more from bosom diseases, diabetes and malignant neoplastic disease ( 22.33 % , 5.16 % and 14.73 % severally ) while dalit suffered more from COPD which was reported 16.97 % . ( Table 4 )Distribution of NCDs by sexAmong the entire sample population effeminate population was higher than male population. Similarly proportion of female was found to be enduring more from NCDs in comparing to male. ( Table 5 )It was found that among different NCDs, there were more males enduring from bosom diseases and COPD than female and females suffered more from DM and malignant neoplastic disease than male. ( T able 6 )Distribution of NCDs by developmental partsMost of the survey population was from Central Development Region followed by western Development Region whereas relatively few from Far Western Development Region. Similarly proportion of NCDs was found to be higher in CDR and WDR. ( Table 7 )Distribution of assorted NCDs among developmental partsThe survey revealed that people from WDR were found to endure more from bosom diseases and DM which account for 44.93 % and 11.25 % severally. Similarly people from FWDR and MWDR were found to be enduring more from COPD ( 55.5 % and 50.5 % ) and EDR from malignant neoplastic disease ( 31.46 % ) . ( Table 8 )DiscussionOur survey revealed that, out of the 3,294 NCD instances, bulk of the instances ( 43 % ) had COPD and 40 % had bosom diseases followed by DM ( 12 % ) and Cancer ( 4 % ) . The ground behind such a high proportion of COPD instances could be due to the usage of traditional cookery ranges and burning of solid biomass fuels ( carna l droppings, harvest residue, and wood ) which are the chief beginnings of indoor air pollution. The uptake of non filtered coffin nails could be another ground for the high prevalence of COPD. Harmonizing to the WHO report on Non transmissible Diseases in South East Asia Region, harmonizing to the infirmary based survey COPD is taking NCD followed by CVD, malignant neoplastic disease and diabetes in Nepal 17 .Most of the patients enduring from non catching diseases in this survey belonged to the age group 35-65 years.It is obvious from most of the studies that this age group suffered more from NCDs and therefore the inclusion standard was affecting persons & A gt 35 old ages. The study released by Mauritius on Non Communicable Diseases indicated the most normally affected age group as 25-74 old ages 18 . It seems the fertile age group are largely affected and have indirect impact on productiveness and economic growing of the state as a whole. The cultural distribution of t he disease showed higher proportion of advantaged Janajati ( 52.34 % out of the entire advantaged Janajati instances ) to be enduring from NCDs. Female population ( 52.47 % ) was found to be higher in proportion of NCDs 19 . Among the developmental parts of Nepal, Central Development part ( CDR ) has about half of the entire instances of NCDs. This might hold been influenced by the fact that most sophisticated infirmaries are in Kathmandu ( which lies in CDR ) and which compels most of the people to seek wellness attention from the infirmaries of Kathmandu.The survey revealed that chest, neck and ovarian malignant neoplastic disease are the chief malignant neoplastic diseases at national degree accounting for 44 % of distribution which suggests that the female is more vulnerable to these malignant neoplastic diseases. A infirmary based retrospective survey conducted in two infirmaries viz. Bhaktapur Cancer Care Center and Om Hospital and Research Center had besides reported simila r tendencies. It was observed that female ( 56.4 % ) had more figure of instances of malignant neoplastic disease than male and accounted for about 43.5 % of the entire instances of malignance. Top five malignances included chest ( 17.31 % ) , lung ( 17.03 % ) , NHL ( Non-Hodzkin s Lymphoma ) ( 8.38 % ) , tummy ( 7.54 % ) and ovarian ( 7.54 % ) malignant neoplastic diseases severally. It was found that tummy and lung malignant neoplastic disease is the most common malignant neoplastic disease that occurs in digestive and respiratory system severally, NHL in the lymphatic system and chest malignant neoplastic disease in female generative system 20 . Higher prevalence of high blood pressure ( 47 % ) followed by CVA, CCF, IHD, RHD and MI is similar as that of WHO report in Non Communicable Diseases in South East Asia Region which has showed the highest figure of instances of arthritic bosom disease followed by shot and IHD in Nepal 21 .A figure of surveies conducted in India have s hown a important association with a low consumption of fruits and veggies and the hazard of non catching diseases. It has been estimated that 2.7 million lives could be potentially saved if the ingestion of fruits and veggies were sufficiently increased 22 .Our survey revealed that bosom diseases is more likely to happen in those who have accustomed ingestion of saturated oils where as American Journal of Clinical Nutrition states that diets rich in veggies and usage of mustard oil could lend to the lower hazard of IHD among Indians 23 . Similarly, in a survey done in IHD showed that a maximal figure of the respondents ( 63.8 % ) used refined vegetable oil for cookery followed by mustard oil use by 21 % which contain important degree of poly unsaturated fatty acids shown to be protective against coronary arteria disease 24 .Hence, the findings observed in the read survey point toward an pressing demand of developing strong community-based intercession plans to turn to the inc reasing load of these diseases.DecisionThis cross sectional survey was carried out to cipher the infirmary based prevalence of non catching diseases. It was able to uncover the grounds of job of NCD Nepal is confronting.This infirmary based cross sectional survey revealed that there were 36.5 % of the instances diagnosed with any of the four NCDs ( bosom diseases, COPD, diabetes and malignant neoplastic disease ) in the financial twelvemonth 2065/66. Breast, neck and ovarian malignant neoplastic disease are the chief malignant neoplastic diseases at national degree accounting for 44 % of distribution. Majority of the instances were of HTN ( 47 % ) followed by CVA, CCF, IHD, RHD and MI. It reflects that Nepal is besides confronting the billowing load of non catching diseases similar to other developing states of south East Asia.In decision, the magnitude of non catching disease is significant in Nepal and is regarded as a public wellness job. Although grounds for the pandemic of non catching chronic diseases is incontrovertible, as besides seen in this survey, there is a dearth of plan to observe, manage and prevent these diseases in Nepal. The governmental, non-governmental and community based organisations are still contending to undertake the load of infective diseases. Unless pressing and specific focal point on preventing, handling and control of NCDs are targeted, the load of the NCDs go forth be intolerable to the hapless state like Nepal. This survey had provided a background informations on NCD and the concern organisations should concentrate and lend in the bar, control and reducing of NCDs load and its hazard factors.RecommendationsGiven the complex causality of NCDs, its bar requires an incorporate action across a scope of sectors at local, regional and national degrees. Each person sector can execute a specific function to lend from their degree. Health attention and public wellness must play a cardinal function in supplying attention and suppor t for the patients but besides in using the alone public wellness theoretical accounts to forestall the associated hazard of NCDs.Recording and Reporting SystemPoor entering system was observed in most of the infirmaries. There was no unvarying format to enter the patient s inside informations. associate features of the patients such as caste, reference and even diagnosings were non clearly written on record book in many infirmaries inmate registry due to which, it became firm to acquire the information refering patient and the diagnosing.Some of the medical colleges and authorities infirmaries used computing machine based package to enter the patients informations, but the package and format differ from infirmary to infirmary. So there is an huge demand of unvarying recording and coverage format and if possible the information should be maintained in an electronic version. Data based system should be established to centralise the informations and to decently keep the informatio ns at different degree of wellness system.Ministry of Health and PopulationMinistry of Health could develop precedence based substructures and faculties to forestall and command the NCDs at different phases. It should develop a national degree policy and program of action for good planning and implementing the collaborative action amongst the wellness sector and other giver bureaus to stress on clinical every bit good as preventative steps for the control of NCDs.Capacity edifice plans to the medical forces like in service preparation should be provided to update the cognition and to advance the accomplishments.Most of the wellness establishments particularly in rural portion of the state, lack efficient and new engineering along with the expert work force due to which the patients are forced to travel to the urban countries for quality wellness attention. Ministry should set up non catching disease centre at each development part so that people of rural country besides can bask th e quality wellness services.It should set up the surveillance system of NCDs as like other disease surveillance or demand to set up the integrated surveillance system. There is of import function of surveillance for NCDs inthe Region which can instigate the states to set up sustainable databases forNCDs and their hazard factors. This would greatly ease in policy development and planning for NCD bar and control.Advocacy runs such as intellect raising plans, street play, concerts should be conducted for the general people on how to forestall from the hazard of developing NCDs. The Engagement of the public figures at the local and national media in these events can hike the impact.Population degreeHealth is an single issue and induction from an single degree should be done to be free from NCDs. NCDs consequence from familial, behavioural and environmental factors and the interactions between them.At the population degree, a high prevalence of hazard factors at community degree can be reduced by developing healthy life manner which includes healthy dietetic consumption ( less consumption of fried, oily, debris nutrient ) , regular physical activity, low consumption of salt, thermal balance, psychological emphasis etc. Alcoholic and smoke wont are the associated damaging factors that are responsible for different types NCDs so such wonts should be restrained. Children should be further to amend the healthy life manners and behaviours to advance wellness in order to cut down the load of NCDs in the following coevals.

Internship Report on Gfc

Prep ard By Farhan Ahmad Roll No 0802090-059 Faculty of Management & administrative Sciences University of Gujrat INTERNSHIP written report A six weeks internship report chockmitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of the BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION in Accounts from Faculty of Management & Administrative Sciences University of Gujrat by FarhanAhmad Under Roll No 08020920-059 The Internship report of Mr. Farhan Ahmad is approved - Internship Supervisor Letter of Transmittal The Coordinator,Faculty of Management & Administrative Sciences University of Gujrat Subject Submission of Internship encompass Dear Sir, I ack todayledge with my cordial thanks the co operation & encouragement you abided and it utilises me great(p) pleasure in submitting my report to you. With regard to the opport unities you put upd, I fountain creative thinker-tried entirely to figure out something about caramel brown industry and its requisite prospects. During my 6 week s training session I have gathered & learned a great experience for myself . fin tout ensembley I entirely enjoyed this assembling of term paper with your ren have goted institution, mortal support & encouragement.I should be glad and tack together to co-operation with whatever you may ask for except clarification. Thank you. Yours Sincerely, - Farhan Ahmad Roll No 08020920-059 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I dedicate this internship report to all the employees of GFC (Pvt. ) Ltd. Whose kind guidance and help, during my live in metro, do me to learn a lot about different confinements at professional level. At this moment I also want to give a tribute to my t apieceers by dedicating this report to Faculty of Management & Administrative Sciences, University of Gujrat. TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Page No.Letter of Transmittal 05 recognition 06 executive director summary 07 1. Introduction of brass08 Brief History08 familiaritys Credential 14 Companys Achievements16 Companys Certificates 17 Type Of Company 19 Hierarchical Level Of Company_____20 Boards Of handlers_____21 Communication Model 22 2. Companys Departments__23 2. 1. Purchase Department24 2. 2. Inspection Department26 2. 3. Production Department27 2. 4. Sales and Marketing Department30 2. 5.Research and Development31 2. 6. midland analyse31 2. 7. exportation & here and now Department32 2. 8. Accounts Department34 2. 9. Human Resource Management37 2. 10. Field of Activity37 3. Other Learning43 4. Objectives of Studying the Organization 44 5. The Business Principles of GFC 44 6. Suggestions48 7. References51 8. Appendix52 9. Contacts of Internee and Organization 54 EXECUTIVE thick ordinary rooters Company (Pvt. ) Ltd. Is one of the top roughly rooter manufacturers in Pakistan which is recognized for outper variety lumber and design in Fan Industry.It is a great honor for me that I have completed my six week internship as per degree requirements in HR subdivision of GFC. in that respect argon severa l segments accomplishmentings in GFC which include Purchases Raw cloth inspection Production Sales and Marketing Research and Development Accounts Department Human Resources Management congenital Audit Export & Import I was first assigned to the HR plane variance for first four weeks and then rotated to different surgical incisions in the last a few(prenominal) weeks so that I may lowstand the workings and collaboration of different segments.It was a very good experience in GFC and I observed both subdivision and its working keenly and gave my counselions to the top make lovement for the betterment of GFC. INTRODUCTION OF ORGANIZATION 1. 1. Brief History General Fan Company (Pvt. ) Ltd. was formed in 1954 as a small manufacturing unit for electric fans. The party grew rapidly from its modest start beca white plague of the quality of its produces. The high society was one of the major exporters of fans in 1960s to Iraq. However, the company was in trouble in late 197 0s due to differences in its partners.The present focusing took over the company in 1978 and Mechanical machinate Muhammad Ilyas took over as read/write head Executive of the company. Under his dynamic leadership the company grew rapidly and G. F. C became major recognized brand for fans in the Pakistani market. Mr. Muhammad Ilyas, the Chief Executive who is a foreign trained Mechanical Engineer, brought in freshly technologies for fan manufacturing from developed countries and improved G. F. C harvest-homes in a continuous process. Automatic Capstan Lathe Machines and discover Casting Machines were introduced in 1982. Automatic tip Machines were brought from Taiwan in 1985.A Japanese made modern-day Enameled Wire Manufacturing Plant was installed in 1987 for the manufacturing of quality enameled grunter wire for own consumption as well as for the sale in the local market. Plastic Injection boundary line Machines were installed in 1993 to manufacture own plastic parts for plastic fans like Exhaust Fans, Bracket Fans, Circumatic Fans and Table Fans. A modern tool room was set up for the manufacture of Dies, Molds and Models etc.tera The tool room consists of Wire Cut Machines, EDM Machines, Surface Grinders, Cylindrical Grinder, Shaper Machines, CNC Milling Machines and Copy Milling Machines.Automatic Rotor Balancing Machines were introduced in 1995 to further improve the quality of fans. Modern Continuous Stamping Presses were installed in 1997 for manufacture of motors of all type of fans such as Ceiling, Pedestal, Bracket, Exhaust and Circumatic Fans etc. Slitter Machine for slitting the electrical vane sheet coils was installed in 1999. The company started manufacturing Washing Machines in 1996. Due to its quality and tenuous finish the product has become an instant success. Gas & Electric Geysers atomic number 18 being manufactured since year 2000.The Chief Executive Mr. Muhammad Ilyas is a pioneer in the export of electric fans from Pakist an. To initiate the export from Pakistan he attended an world-wide exhibition for electrical appliances in 1993 in Abu-Dhabi. The company also participated in many trade delegations as well as exhibitions arranged by Export Promotion Bureau and Federation of Chamber of craft & Industry in Bangladesh, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Dubai, Bahrain. Qatar, Sudan, Egypt, U. S. A. etc. G. F. C was the first Pakistani company to export fans to the Middle-East. G. F.C Fans became an instant success due to their quality and durability in all the markets where these were introduced. General Fan Company has also set up a unit to manufacture capacitors used in electric fans, Washing machines and motors. Mr. Muhammad Ilyas (Chief Executive) and Mr. Muhammad Ijaz (Finance conductor) argon always on the look out for the latest technology for manufacturing of electric fans as well as for corporate management of the company. without delay G. F. C has established a new Computer discussion section whic h keep its Executives update about any inquires.This shows the pertain of management not only in manufacturing technology. But they also know the upshotance of tuition technology. G. F. C has stepped in this Millennium fully equipped with manufacturing and information technology for Corporate Management and Marketing. G. F. C stick out rightly claim that they have all the best technologies in its workshops, which are available for Design, Production. Our products are now of International Standard, and we are truly an International Company. Our 800 Employees and Management are attached to Excellence in fictional character. G. F. C. was the pioneers in export of fans from Pakistan.G. F. C. has got eight Export Trophy Awards for Fans and an another(prenominal)(prenominal) Electrical Products like enameled Copper Wire. 1. 2. Main Competitors General Fan Company has perfect competition in the market for different products, mainly in fan manufacturing field. The main competitors of G. F. C (General Fan Company) are ? Pak fan ?Royal fan ?Younis Fan 1. 3. First mover advantage General Fan Company is presently enjoying the first mover advantage of exports. G. F. C is the only company which starts to export to other countries. Thats the reason company has been fixed export trophy for 08 cadences. G. F.C being the most popular brand as for the electric fans in Bangladesh most of the fan manufacturers in Bangladesh are using G. F. C trade mark beside the manufacturers of China who are exporting their electric fans to Bangladesh with the same Trade Mark. To stop the manufacturing and selling of fake G. F. C Fans which are registered vide Trade Mark Registration No. 62674 dated 22. 11. 1999 the Chief Executive of the company, Engineer Mohammad Ilyas, visited Bangladesh. 1. 4. Our Core Values ?Competent ?Committed ?Creative ?Cooperative ?Caring 1. 5. VISION STATEMENT We believe that we haveA extraordinary product which has been developed by G. F. C, And no other co untry manufactures a pedestal fan like ours. This product is most useful in the warm tropical humid climates. We want to mark this product throughout the world, And we foresee this product to dominate the entire International market. We want to set up an excellent after-sales-service, And spare parts supply service to each and every country. We also want to set up home service centers throughout the world. We believe that indoors 10 years We can achieve an export target of US Dollars 40 Million. 1. 6 MISSION STATEMENTTo produce such quality products, Which provide entire satisfaction to all our customers the world over. 1. 7 QUALITY POLICY STATEMENT Quality policy of G. F. C is to produce such quality products, which provide our customer the entire satisfaction the world over. to meet this obligation, we continually update employees skills by introduction of new technologies. 1. 8. unionS CREDENTIAL General Fan Company (Pvt. ) Ltd. is a pioneer in the export of electric fans from Pakistan. To initiate the export from Pakistan we participated in International exhibition for electrical appliances in 1993 in Abu-Dhabi.The company also participated in many trade delegations as well as exhibitions arranged by Export Promotion Bureau and Federation of Chamber of Commerce & Industry In Bangladesh, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Dubai, Bahrain. Qatar, Sudan, Egypt, U. S. A. etc. G. F. C. was the first Pakistani company to export fans to the Middle-East. G. F. C. Fans became an instant success due to their quality and durability in all the markets where these were introduced. By the grace of God ?G. F. C. has been getting the Export Trophy from FPCCI for the export of electric fans for many years. The growth rate of fan export from G. F.C. has been continuously to a greater extent than than 100% per annum for the last 5 years. 1/3rd of the total fans exported from Pakistan. ?G. F. C. has large International orders many times to a greater extent than the previous years for th e financial year 2001-2002 and we are looking forward to export fans to all parts of the world including United States and Europe. ?Water and Power development authority has issued the renewal of Registration in 1997. Registration Renewal is an honorable success that G. F. C. has achieved. ?ISO-9002 Certificate assures that Manufacturing Quality of Electric Fans are according to International Standards. Engineer in Chief Branch has given over the certificate of Enlistment/Registration dated 23-2-2000 on best technical performance. ?Contract agreement for supply of G. F. C. Fans for Army Housing Directorate at 30 April 2001 and is a big achievement for G. F. C. Fans. ?Pakistan Standard Institution has certified according to 1961 ordinance. The institution hereby grants to G. F. C. Fans. ( here(predicate)inafter called the License) this License is used as standard mark. 1. 9. connectionS ACHIVEMENTS 1. 10. Companys Certificates 1. 11. TYPE OF COMPANY General Fan Company (Pvt. ) Ltd. is a partnership company of two brothers. . 12. HIERARCHICAL LEVEL OF COMPANY 1. 13. BOARD OF DIRECTORS There are two families of jointly managing the General Fan Company. all boards of directors are family members. 1. 14. COMMUNICATION MODEL There is no well delimit model of communication. I observed that following communication model. 2. COMPANYS DEPARTMENTS To run an organization many departments work in it, so that an organization may achieve its aims and objectives efficiently. To ensure efficient working of G. F. C the departments that are working in it are as There are 09 departments working in the Organization Purchases ?Raw material inspection ?Production ?Sales and Marketing ?Research and Development ?Accounts Department ?Human Resources Management ?Internal Audit ?Export & Import 2. 1. Purchase Department Purchase department in every manufacturing organization is of most importance. Because this department provides the other departments as issue department with their basic needs. This department is also prudent for the quality of the products produced in that organization, as the quality of product depends upon the quality of raw material. In G. F.C raw material is also purchased from out of doors thats why they are in need of a production department to fulfill the purchase requirements. This department purchases raw material for the production department. It is the responsibility of this department to provide quality material within minimum follow. To achieve this purpose, the production department of G. F. C purchases raw material, in the supervision of two jitneys i. e. Mr. M. Kamran and Mr. Zia Hussain, from both sources i. e. ?By domestic purchases ?By importing raw material In Domestic Purchasing, G. F.C purchases raw material regarding the manufacturing of, fans, washing machines, room air coolers, etc. and broadly speaking for this purpose markets of good standards are visited. G. F. C purchases raw material locally from Gujranwala , Lahore, Gujrat, etc. In imports, G. F. C mostly imports those materials that are either expensive or of low quality in Pakistan. Importing is done to keep the standard of production high as well as keeping per unit cost at some reasonable point. The material that in included in imports of G. F. C are ?Aluminum Sheets. ?Copper Rods. ?Plastic raw material. ?Mini Motors Chemicals Here is lists of those countries from which mostly imports are done by G. F. C are from ? China ?Taiwan ?Korea ?United Kingdom ?Japan ?Hong Kong 2. 2. Inspection Department Those organizations that dont compromise on quality keep an inspection department whose work is to inspect the raw material for quality of raw material and its quantity. If any material is of less quality or of that quality that is not acceptable to the organization, this department doesnt give permission to enter such material within the boundaries of organization and material is returned as it is.In G. F. C there is an in charge for the inspection of raw material and it is his responsibility to make sure that the purchase made for organization is for that material which is of best quality. This department restricts the entry of such material that is either of ? Less quality ?Defective ?From unauthorized dealer ?Not useful This department ensures that material purchased is of ? scoop up Quality ?Contains no defect ?From authorized dealer 2. 3. Production Department Production department in any organization is of immense observe. Performance, working, profitability, etc. epends upon this department. All the products of organization are manufactured here. It is the department where force of organization either in labor form or in financial form is apply over material to make products for the organization. So that organization may sell those products in the market to get profit. Like other organizations G. F. C is also nonrecreational great attention towards Production Department. According to C. E. O of G. F. C, P roduction and Selling Departments are of more importance to them. This department works under the supervision of Mr.Asim Ijaz who is the Director of production and he has 4 foremen under his authority so that authority is delegated to others in order to make sure that work is going as at should be. Staff in production department is highly versatile although most of them are not too more than educated but they are skilled person in whom 20 members of management and 700-800 are labors and these are the true assets of the company In G. F. C production department is divided into further sub departments as ? Motor Section ?Body Section ?Fitting Section ?Packing Section 2. 3. 1. Motor Section I.In this atomalizationalisation of production department motors for various products of G. F. C are produced. In this section motors for ceiling fans, pedestal fans, room air coolers, etc. are manufactured. II. Ceiling fans use a transformation of motors i. e. 36 48 and 56 are used. And this s ection produces the motors for all. III. In Pedestal fans motors used are entirely different from the motors used in ceiling fans. This section also produces the motors for pedestal fans. IV. Meanwhile room air coolers also use motors in two ways. V. Motors for fans VI. Motors for water pumps. This section produces the motors for all. This section covers sub sections as a.Winding Section In this section copper wire is made winded, for type of motor that is going to be used in the Production of other products. b. intertwine interrogation Section In this section coils made in winding section are tested whether they are in working condition or not. Only approved coils are sent to motor section. 2. 3. 2. Body Section In this section of production department bodies of various products are manufactured. No issue whether the body is made of plastic or it is made of metal. In this section, bodies of fans, washing machines, coolers, heaters, and other products are manufactured. This sectio n is comprised of the following Blade section ?Plastic Molding Section ?CNG milling section ?Copper Wire Section i. Blade Section In this section blades for different kinds of fans are produced. Fan blades, blades for air coolers, etc. are produced here keeping in mind that blades should be good looking and efficient in working. ii. Plastic Molding Section In this section production department plastic is molded in various shapes to make bodies of fans in plastic those parts of ceiling fans that are of plastic. In short this section makes all the plastic parts of products. iii. Copper Wire Section This section makes the copper wire for own use and also as a product of G.F. C to be sold in market and for using in its own production process e. g. in making motors. iv. Fitting Section This section is prudent for the assembling of different parts that make up a product. In this section rotor and stator are combined to make up a complete motor. Similarly in blade section blades are assem bled with their connecters. In this department other things like pedestal fans are assembled. This section makes the product in final shape to be packed and sell. v. Packing Section In this section products are packed to be delivered to selling and marketing department to sell them in the market to have income.This department provides the facility of safe packing and making the products in attractive packing to catch more and more customers. 2. 4. Sales and Marketing Marketing and selling department is very important for every company either is multinational company or domestic company. This department is a link between organization and customers. It s the responsibility of this department to make the customers aware about the products produced in the organization. On the other hand this department is also responsible to sale the products that are manufactured in the market. There is only one Director of marketing i. . Mr. Nabeel Ahmad Ilyas, son of C. E. O Mr. Muhammad Ilyas, and o ne manager in sales department is Mr. Abdul Rehman. Marketing department is responsible to provide the goods in the market according to the need of the customers. Focus the marketing department is to providing products at proper place at proper time. Staff of this department is highly qualified and skilled. This department concentrates on qualified staff who analyze the market and suggest the manager how and where they should to present it. In the off-season, G. F. C also sells its products in large quantity by offering the special discount.They give special discount on buying their products. According to a survey made by G. F. C only 40% fans in the market are from recognized and registered firms remaining 60% are private and unregistered firms. Their products sale in KARACHI is stronger and their market parting is 18% out of 40%. 2. 5. Research and Development Research and development (R) department in any organization can lead the organization away from others because this depar tment makes a question in the market regarding future trends, expected changes that are going to be in customers taste and demand.It also suggests to the organization what was the response of previous version of product and what is to be innovated. In G. F. C R&D is not working in the form of a well arranged and not in a proper form of a department. Few employees Mr. Engineer Shehbaz as the manager of this so-called department do this work of R&D department. He is alone responsible for the research work. 2. 6. Internal Audit Internal Auditing is done to check the working of Accounts Department. Mostly it is done to prevent the hallucinations in cash matters of the organization either intentional or unintentional. G. F.C has also its essential Account Department that works in the supervision of Mr. Malik Tafheem has honorarium offn the responsibility of internal Auditor. The work of this department is to show actual position of accounts that should be error free. As chances of f raud and misappropriation prevail in every organization so this is the responsibility of this department to fail all the tries that are made in this regard. Note External Audit is done by the M. A Chaudhary. 2. 7. Export & Import Department This department is revenue generator for the organization and it ensures that organization is gaining in the market.This department is accountable for the delivery of products to the markets where the organization wants to compete and capture market by satisfying customers with their quality The strength of G. F. C fans depends on this department. Department has been comprised on highly skilled and experienced people, they perform their duties and boost the exports with in well-established structure. The manager of this department is MR. Shahid Ali. This department is responsible for contacting with foreign raw material suppliers, search for the new suppliers when needed, import all the raw material necessitate by production department.When com pany started its exports, there was no planned procedure. But now after exploitation the company uses latest technology for the export of products. This department plays an essential role to capture well challenging global market and deal with all import and export contemporary challenges under high responsibilities and company strategy and policy department endeavor to augment the export channels. G. F. C fans company first time export their products in the States. Export is a major part that distinguishes it to the other companies. Export countries of GFC fans are, ?SAUDI ARABIA ?YUMAN ?AFGHANISTAN INDONASISA ?DUBAI ?UNITED KINGDOM ?UNITED STATE OF AMERICA 2. 8. ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT Accounts Department in any Organization is important because of its working. This department shows the progress of organization and allocates the amount to purchase department for purchases. It also pays the rewards to other factors of production in the form of rent, wages, salaries, interest on loans, electricity bills, payments to suppliers, managing company accounts etc. In G. F. C accounts department works under the responsibility of Mr. Shahid-Ur-Rehman who is the General jitney of the organization.This department is liable to allocate amount approved by C. E. O to various department on their need. This department also decides about the suitable regularity of paying wages to labors. In G. F. C accounts department has set the method of wages to production labor as PIECE RATE SYSTEM. This department prepares yearbook reports of the organization in the month of September every year because September is the closing month of annual year in G. F. C. This department is also held responsible for the distribution of annual bonuses and relieves to the workers that C. E. O declares to them. 2. 8. 1. SOURCES OF RECEIPTS Recovery from sales through show room ?Sales proceeds of left over raw material ?Export fans 2. 8. 2. PAYMENTS ?Wages ?Staff Salaries ?Utilities expenses ?Govt. Dues 2. 8. 3. GOVT. PAYMENTS ?Custom Dues ?Sales tax ?Electricity, Sui gases and telephones expenses 2. 8. 4. PAYMENTS TO SUPPLIERS ?The suppliers are paid on credit/cash basis ?Venders are paid on cash basis ?Foreign suppliers are paid up to a especial(a) level 2. 8. 5. Functions & Operations of Accounts department Double entry accounting placement is used in G. F. C. Following are the main duties performed by the Accounts department ? Voucher preparation Coding & Posting of Vouchers ?Prepare a statement of day-by-day receiving & payments ?Preparation of Financial statements ?Cash disbursement ?Monthly Trial balance preparation ?Ending adjustments ?Monthly Cash flow projection ?Bank propitiation Statements ?Sales Invoices ?Sales Tax Invoices ?Report to FBR Account department also performs following functions ?Comparison of cash flow, Budgeted Vs actual ?Capital investment ?Fixed assets docket report ?Comparison over heads report budgeted Vs actual ?Fixed overheads ?Variable overhea ds ?Preparation of production statement ?Preparation of Stock statement Month clear-sighted production and its sales value ?Wages and salaries statement ?Preparation of report on working Capital ?Receivables ?Raw material including stocks on way ? undone goods stocks ?Advances and prepayments ?Cash/Bank balance on hand 2. 9. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2. 9. 1. HUMAN RESOURCE AND SUCCESSION PLAN Human Resource policy is to hire young, fresh, energetic and active associates to meet the existing and future workforce requirements and providing its associates maximum opportunities for internal mobility through personal training and development to enable them to take higher positions.Human Resource Division has to have succession plan for each severalize job/area to make sure the continuity of operations in the germane(predicate) division and to fill the temporary/permanent vacancy. 2. 9. 2. FIELD OF ACTIVITIES My field of Specialization is M. B. A (HR), so I work 6 weeks under the sup ervision of General Manager in General Fan Company, 5 weeks in Human Resource Department, and 3 weeks in observing other departments. General Manager is responsible of handling all company records, and HR related activities. The G. M of G. F. C is very hardworking and very honest person.I watchful the whole company report in my internship period, in which I discuses all the departments and their functions. Most of my internship time was spent in HR department, now I go away discuses the all functions and operations of HR department, their critical analysis and recommendations. Human Resource Department is actively working in G. F. C fans private limited Gujrat. base responsibilities of this department are as follows ? Hiring Employees ?Firing Employees ?Developing Training Plans for Employees ?Maintaining Appraisal Reports ?Maintaining the Records of Employees 2. 9. 2. 1. HIRING EMPLOYEESThere is a proper process for hiring an employee in G. F. C fans private limited and this pr ocess has several steps which are as follows ? Need Analysis ?Job Requisition ?Job Advertisement ?Sorting the Applications ?Initial Interview ?Testing ?Second Interview ?Final Assessment ?Orientation ?Training 2. 9. 2. 2 Reference base Hiring In G. F. C Gujrat employees also hire through references of already active employees but test and interviews are learned for them as well. 2. 9. 2. 3. FIRING EMPLOYEES If an employee does not work according to defined rules then it is responsibility of HR Manager that employee should be fired.If any employee commits any unauthorized work during his job then he will be fired. If any employee is not working up to the mark and not achieving his targets then HR Manager can fire him. 2. 9. 2. 4. Recruitment and Selection Process In GFC the recruitment and selection is made mostly on employee referrals and sometimes if needed advertisement is made on the newspapers for the filling of vacancies. The recruitment and selection process of metro includes the following steps CV with professional reference valuation of application and CV Call for Interview Temporary job letter after success of interviewClearance certificate from previous organization medical examination certificate Completion of trial period Issuance of permanent or contract job letter 2. 9. 2. 5. JOB DESCRIPTION Job is described at the time of interview and a complete job description is made on the permanent job letter of the employee. A job description form has been developed for the job description of every employee. 2. 9. 2. 6. DEVELOPING TRAINING PLANS FOR EMPLOYEES HR Manager is also responsible for developing training plans for employees (workers & staff) and Internees. I. Identification of Training involveThe training needs of employees (staff & workers) are identified by the function that they perform and by the respective departmental head. For a new employee the training needs are identified in the job descriptions. For existing employees (in case of wo rkers) the training needs are identified in the Training Needs Assessment Form. The relevant departmental head fills the Training Needs Assessment Form. For staff members the training needs are assessed on ACR that is filled by the relevant departmental head at the end of every financial year. Training needs are identified in G. F. C fans private limited.Gujrat to enable employees to execute routine task and to enhance their professional capabilities, enable all persons to reach their full potential, to introduce new techniques and skills in a timely manner and to improve the efficiency and strong suit of the companys activities. The qualification and experience required for persons performing tasks affecting quality are documented in the job descriptions. II. Training Based on the TNA (Training Need Assessment) for the workers HR Manager develops an annual training plan. This training plan is then forwarded to the respective departmental head along with the training attention she ets.The designated trainers take training on the dates mentioned in the plan. The TNA (Training Need Assessment) for the staff members is conducted by the respective Departmental Heads on their ACR ( one-year clandestine Report). The General Manager is responsible for developing Annual Training Plan (for executives) based on the recommendation of the departmental heads, as desired by the departmental head or management time to time. For a new employee who has been hired at the staff level the HR Manager and relevant head of department develop an orientation plan. later the orientation level is over the employee submits a written report.Based on this report, the departmental head gives his recommendation that the employee needs further training or not. If further training is required a further orientation plan is developed and subsequently the training is provided. III. Evaluation of training Departmental heads monitor the training assigned by the trainers. After proper testing a nd getting the recommendations of the trainer about the trainees, the departmental heads does the evaluation of the training imparted. Assessment of enduringness of training of employees (staff members) is done on their Annual Confidential Reports.Assessment of effectiveness of training imparted to (non-executives and workers) is done on the Training Plan. IV. Training records Training record is maintained in the HR Department. The HR Manager is responsible for up-dating the training records of the employees. These training records are maintained in the respective files till the retirement or transfer of that particular employee. All executives and staff are made aware of the departmental quality objectives and role of their activities and their contribution in the achievement of objectives. 2. 9. 2. 7. MAINTAINING APPRAISAL REPORTSAppraisal Report is assessment of employees which is done by head of department. At the end of the year head of departments make the Appraisal Reports f or each employee (Staff only) working in their department. These appraisal reports then forward to HR Manager who further manage these reports according to the remarks which are given by the head of department about the employee. According to the remarks record of employees are upgraded. Appraisal decides the percentage of increment in pay of employees or for promotion. Report also decides whether employees need any further training or not. . 9. 2. 8. MAINTAINING THE RECORDS OF EMPLOYEES Managing the record of employees is also responsibility of HR Department. When the employee is hired all of his selective information and documents are stored in a file and this file is stored. Employees data is also stored in computer by assigning him with a computer code. Now with the passage of time all new documents including training certificates and appraisal reports are updated into the files of employees. Any employees file has the same number which is computer code of employee. 2. 9. 2. 9. attendance SYSTEMAttendance is made on daily basis at the main gate with entry and exit time transferred to the HR department. Overtime attendance is taken by the supervisors of the concerning department and conveyed to the HR department for the overtime wages etc. 2. 9. 2. 10. JOB ANALYSIS Job analysis of every employee is made by the HR department with the help of departmental managers and employee performance according to their job description. 2. 9. 2. 11. COMPENSATION AND REWARD MANAGEMENT SYSTEM On the basis of the job analysis annual increments and promotions are given to the employees twice a year.For outstanding employees special pay packages are offered and rewards and given in different ways to the employees for their motivation. 2. 9. 2. 12. LEADERSHIP STYLES In Metro I observed two types of leadership styles that are Autocratic leadership and Democratic leadership. Autocratic style of leadership is observed in usable managers while democratic style of leadership is obs erved in middle and corporate level managers. 2. 9. 2. 12. HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES A proper system of health and safety is established at metro by providing the workers with safety devices, trainings, and by providing proper uniforms.Metro Hi-Tec provides medical and safety services to its employees in different ways. 3. different WORKS CAUSED TO EXPERTISE ME DURING INTERNSHIP Apart from the before mentioned tasks . I worked on certain other assignments in GFC as well as got to learn certain other works such as. I learnt the exact way of punching the documents. Because this to the first thing that one who gets to learn while in an office as instead of dead punching it one should first fold it and than keeping in line with the middle of page one should punch. I learnt how the documents are filled and used to do a lot of filing. I went through typing certain application and letters. I worked how data is feed in the computers. I learnt how the phones are attended. I used to go to b anks for obtaining the statements for settlement of accounts. I passed daily entries in the Journal and ledger accounts. Documents relating to taxation purposes were also filled by me 4. OBJECTIVES OF STUDYING THE ORGANIZATION a)To promote efficiency and effectiveness by providing competent and high-caliber professionals in the area of Management Accountancy. b)Identify the duties of the financial manager within the firm. )Understand why wealth maximization, rather than profit maximization, is the firms goal and how economic value added (EVA), d)To analysis what plays the role of Banks with the Firm. e)To estimate a firms profitability relative to its sales, asset investment, & owners equity investment. f)In fact, we have studied in GFC Private Limited Company because it is committed to these following Business Principles. 5. THE BUSINESS PRINCIPLES OF GFC A. Corporate Philosophy Maintaining a global viewpoint, GFC is dedicated to supplying products of the highest quality yet at a r easonable worth for worldwide customer satisfaction. )Dynamic manufacturing and marketing of prestigious products to the entire satisfaction of customers. b)Create ideal working surroundings for continuous development of product and personnel. c)Provide adequate return to share holders and fulfill corporate civic obligations. B. Management Policy a)Proceed always with ambition and youthfulness. b)Respect sound theory, develop fresh ideas, and make the most effective use of time. c)Enjoy your work and encourage open communications. d)Strive constantly for a harmonious flow of work. e)Be ever mindful of the value of research and endeavor. )Respect for all man has priority over others. g)Man is the key in controlling i. e. machines, methods and materials. h)Follow 3S spirit i. e. small, smart and speed. i)Believe in 3A GFC on Approach i. e. be on Actual Spot, look at the Actual Spot and stage the Actual Situation. j)Be a good corporate citizen assume a responsible role in community . C. Priority Standards Of Conduct a)Safety There can be no production without safety. b)Quality To achieve the No. 1 customer satisfaction, Metro is dedicated to supply the prestigious products of its highest quality, through our smart team work. )Productivity With safety and quality each of it will strive to excel the performance in all fields of its activities i. e. Production, Marketing & Planning, After Sales Service, Finance, Logistics & Imports and Human Resource & Administration etc. D. Quality policy To achieve the No. 1 customer satisfaction, GFC is dedicated to supplying the prestigious products of its highest quality through its smart team work defined by the regulatory parameters & continually improving its strategies and goals for better performance. E. Environment policy GFC (Pvt. Ltd Gujrat (Pakistan), being responsible member of the society considers the preservation of the global environment as a crucial concern. GFCs environmental philosophy is firmly based on the following guidelines a)Recognize the impacts of the significant aspects on the environment resulting from activities, products and services b)Formulate objectives and targets to control the effects of activities on local environment as for as technically feasible c)Operate in compliance with relevant environmental laws, regulations and other requirements that apply to its activities d)Create environment friendly pose among associates )Commitment to continual improvement of the environmental performance and review of the environmental management system to ensure its suitability, adequacy and effectiveness. F. Safety, Health and Environment GFC (Pvt. ) Ltd Gujrat (Pakistan) conducts its business responsibly and in a way to make sure Health, Safety and protection from Environmental aspects of its associates and the society. GFC implements and maintains the programs that provide reasonable assurance that the business will do the following a)To watch over with all applicable governmen t and internal health, safety and environmental requirements. )Design facilities and conduct operations in a way that avoids risk to human health, safety and the environment. c)To ascertain and communicate the known hazards of operations with relevant health, safety and environmental protection information to potentially affected persons. G. Operating principles a)Always keep the deadline. b)Never make excuses. c)Teamwork. 6. SUGGESTIONS During the training I have observed number of problems and here are some suggestions of my observations. G. F. C management has strong capability to increase the production rate by cut back the cost of production.It can be achieved by investing more in time span research studies and reengineering related department structure. Concluding points ?In accounts department there is no well define job description. There must be a list of duty for each employee. ?There is no management in working environment. They should adopt a management functions in th eir department. ?Human Resource and Accounts department should hire at least two employees more. ?In HR department, there must racks for files. ?Vision Statement is to long, it must be one or two sentences ?G. F. C still emphasizes on production concept ?There is very less monitoring so there is need to be tightening the control by using digital monitoring system in account department. ?Local market of gujrat area can be captured ?G. F. C system is based on Microsoft window 98, so it should be upgraded as in market window xp is available. ?MIS system should be very efficient that manual work can be eliminated. ?R&D department in G. F. C is not very much active so management should have to investigate and invest more to overcome this. Every department should initiate research work that provides technical support to find out hidden facts that are the primary source of irregularities. ?Efficient employees and fresh management team with latest and modern techniques and valuable exposure can figure out managerial problems. ?There is less commitment among the workers. To improve this situation workers problems should be communicate properly. ?Top management should be awarded by stocks (shares) for getting more efficient work and involvement in the organization. ?There must be proper uplifts and reward system for the encouragement of employees. G. F. C has very few targeted markets they have to explore more to enhance their profitability and worth. ?Salary packages are not very much attractive for the employees which should be revised. ?G. F. C is doing well but it should add-up the doing good factor (Societys benefits). For awareness workshops and seminars should be conducted regularly. ?Appraisal report should be prepared on merit rather than on personal biasness. ?Up to date promotional strategies should be adopted (print and electronic media). ?For selection of price and new consumers need, company should conduct market survey. G. F. C is presently targeting onl y a small number of markets and there are still a large segment of markets which can be explored. ?More the export the more the profit will be because of this G. F. C can enjoy a lot more profit than existing. ?G. F. C can easily expand its businesses through external debt because of its already built credibility. ?By the reduction in cost of production G. F. C can enjoy the more profit margins. ?If the employees discipline and control mechanism should properly apply then it will results more involvement and output. By introducing more brands and designs by adequate use of R&D G. F. C can grow more ? G. F. C still adopting production concept. There must be forward thinking ? G. F. C must investment in outside the business. ?Less monitoring or check and balance. There must be check and balance. 7. REFERENCES ?Director marketing (Nabeel Ahmad) ?Director Finance and Purchase (Ijaz Ahmad) ?General Manager Finance (Shahid-ur-Rehman) ?www. gfcfans. com ?www. google. com ?Chief Accountant( Muhammad Imran) ?Accounts Officer (Nasir Khan) ?Assistant Accountant (Mian Abdul Haseeb) . APPENDICES ?Job Description Form Job title ________________________________________ Summary description _____________________________ _______________________________________________ Major tasks and responsibilities _______________ _____ ___ _______ ______________ ______________________ ___________ ________________ ___________________ Minor functions _ _______________ ___________ _____ _ ________________ ____ _______ ___________ ______ Supervised by & report to____________ ______________ _ ________________ ____________ ____________ _____Supervise_ _______________ _______________________ Assist with other jobs_ ________________ ____________ _ ________________ ___________ ________ ____ _____ Qualifications & training ___ ____________________ ___ _ ________________ ___________ ___________ ______ _ ________________ ___________ ___________ ______ Skill requirements___________ _________ ___________ _ ________________ ___________ __________ ______ _ ________________ ___________ ____________ ______ Experience _________ ___________ _______ ___ ______ Personal characteristics required__ _____ _____________ ________________ ___________ ________ __________ physiologic requirements__________ _______ ____________ Salary range minimum_____ ______ maximum__ ______ Work hours _____________ _______________ _________ Average hours ___ _________ ____________ _________ _ Days off per week_ ________________ ______ _________ Overtime never _______seldom ________ often _______ Other benefits_ ________________ ______________ ____ ________________ _______________ _________________ Work environment_ _______________ ________ ________ _ ________________ ______________ ___________ _____Safety responsibilities_ ________ ________ ____ ________ _ ________________ ______________ ______ ________ _ _ ________________ _______________ _____ ________ 9. CONTACTS OF INTERNEE & ORGANIZATION Internees ContactsOr ganizations Contacts Afzaal Ahmad S/O Muhammad InayatGeneral Fan Company, Private Limited Mailing Address Mailing Address General Fan Company G. T. Road, Gujrat-Pakistan. Cell +92-300-5448133Telephone +92-53-3520301-03 E-mail ID emailprotected com afzaal. emailprotected com emailprotected com Fax +92-53-3521427-3515303 Email emailprotected com